The Concept Of Halal E-Commerce From The Perspective Of Islamic Civil Organizations (A Study Of The Views Of Nahdlatul Ulama And Muhammadiyah Figures In Jember District)

The development of e-commerce has provided opportunities for the distribution of halal and non-halal products and services through digital platforms. However, specific standards regarding halal e-commerce, particularly for digital products and services, have not yet been clearly formulated. This study aims to examine the conception of halal e-commerce from the perspectives of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah figures in Jember Regency. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation and analyzed using data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings show that both Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah figures consider e-commerce transactions permissible as long as they are free from prohibited elements such as gharar, maysir, fraud, pornography, and monopoly. Both groups also emphasize the importance of an appropriate technology and management system to support halal e-commerce. However, Muhammadiyah figures provide more detailed attention to the halal status of logistics, warehousing, and distribution services involved in the e-commerce supply chain. These findings indicate the need for a more comprehensive halal framework for e-commerce that considers not only products but also digital systems and supporting services.